# Django 2.2.9.dev20191202104323 文档

# Django 1.0 release notes

Welcome to Django 1.0!

We've been looking forward to this moment for over three years, and it's finally here. Django 1.0 represents the largest milestone in Django's development to date: a Web framework that a group of perfectionists can truly be proud of.

Django 1.0 represents over three years of community development as an Open Source project. Django's received contributions from hundreds of developers, been translated into fifty languages, and today is used by developers on every continent and in every kind of job.

An interesting historical note: when Django was first released in July 2005, the initial released version of Django came from an internal repository at revision number 8825. Django 1.0 represents revision 8961 of our public repository. It seems fitting that our 1.0 release comes at the moment where community contributions overtake those made privately.

## Stability and forwards-compatibility

The release of Django 1.0 comes with a promise of API stability and forwards-compatibility. In a nutshell, this means that code you develop against Django 1.0 will continue to work against 1.1 unchanged, and you should need to make only minor changes for any 1.X release.

See the API stability guide for full details.

## Backwards-incompatible changes

Django 1.0 has a number of backwards-incompatible changes from Django 0.96. If you have apps written against Django 0.96 that you need to port, see our detailed porting guide:

- Porting your apps from Django 0.96 to 1.0

A complete list of backwards-incompatible changes can be found at https://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/BackwardsIncompatibleChanges.

## What's new in Django 1.0

A lot!

Since Django 0.96, we've made over 4,000 code commits, fixed more than 2,000 bugs, and edited, added, or removed around 350,000 lines of code. We've also added 40,000 lines of new documentation, and greatly improved what was already there.

In fact, new documentation is one of our favorite features of Django 1.0, so we might as well start there. First, there's a new documentation site:

- https://docs.djangoproject.com/

The documentation has been greatly improved, cleaned up, and generally made awesome. There's now dedicated search, indexes, and more.

We can't possibly document everything that's new in 1.0, but the documentation will be your definitive guide. Anywhere you see something like:

New in Django 1.0:

This feature is new in Django 1.0

You'll know that you're looking at something new or changed.

The other major highlights of Django 1.0 are:

### Re-factored admin application

The Django administrative interface (`django.contrib.admin`) has been completely refactored; admin definitions are now completely decoupled from model definitions (no more `class Admin` declaration in models!), rewritten to use Django's new form-handling library (introduced in the 0.96 release as `django.newforms`, and now available as simply `django.forms`) and redesigned with extensibility and customization in mind. Full documentation for the admin application is available online in the official Django documentation:

See the admin reference for details

### Improved Unicode handling

Django's internals have been refactored to use Unicode throughout; this drastically simplifies the task of dealing with non-Western-European content and data in Django. Additionally, utility functions have been provided to ease interoperability with third-party libraries and systems which may or may not handle Unicode gracefully. Details are available in Django's Unicode-handling documentation.

See Unicode data.

### An improved ORM

Django's object-relational mapper -- the component which provides the mapping between Django model classes and your database, and which mediates your database queries -- has been dramatically improved by a massive refactoring. For most users of Django this is backwards-compatible; the public-facing API for database querying underwent a few minor changes, but most of the updates took place in the ORM's internals. A guide to the changes, including backwards-incompatible modifications and mentions of new features opened up by this refactoring, is available on the Django wiki.

### Automatic escaping of template variables

To provide improved security against cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities, Django's template system now automatically escapes the output of variables. This behavior is configurable, and allows both variables and larger template constructs to be marked as safe (requiring no escaping) or unsafe (requiring escaping). A full guide to this feature is in the documentation for the `autoescape` tag.

### `django.contrib.gis` (GeoDjango)

A project over a year in the making, this adds world-class GIS (Geographic Information Systems) support to Django, in the form of a `contrib` application. Its documentation is currently being maintained externally, and will be merged into the main Django documentation shortly. Huge thanks go to Justin Bronn, Jeremy Dunck, Brett Hoerner and Travis Pinney for their efforts in creating and completing this feature.

See http://geodjango.org/ for details.

### Pluggable file storage

Django's built-in `FileField` and `ImageField` now can take advantage of pluggable file-storage backends, allowing extensive customization of where and how uploaded files get stored by Django. For details, see the files documentation; big thanks go to Marty Alchin for putting in the hard work to get this completed.

### Jython compatibility

Thanks to a lot of work from Leo Soto during a Google Summer of Code project, Django's codebase has been refactored to remove incompatibilities with Jython, an implementation of Python written in Java, which runs Python code on the Java Virtual Machine. Django is now compatible with the forthcoming Jython 2.5 release.

### Generic relations in forms and admin

Classes are now included in `django.contrib.contenttypes` which can be used to support generic relations in both the admin interface and in end-user forms. See the documentation for generic relations for details.

### `INSERT`/`UPDATE` distinction

Although Django's default behavior of having a model's `save()` method automatically determine whether to perform an `INSERT` or an `UPDATE` at the SQL level is suitable for the majority of cases, there are occasional situations where forcing one or the other is useful. As a result, models can now support an additional parameter to `save()` which can force a specific operation.

See Forcing an INSERT or UPDATE for details.

### Split `CacheMiddleware`

Django's `CacheMiddleware` has been split into three classes: `CacheMiddleware` itself still exists and retains all of its previous functionality, but it is now built from two separate middleware classes which handle the two parts of caching (inserting into and reading from the cache) separately, offering additional flexibility for situations where combining these functions into a single middleware posed problems.

Full details, including updated notes on appropriate use, are in the caching documentation.

### Refactored `django.contrib.comments`

As part of a Google Summer of Code project, Thejaswi Puthraya carried out a major rewrite and refactoring of Django's bundled comment system, greatly increasing its flexibility and customizability.

### Removal of deprecated features

A number of features and methods which had previously been marked as deprecated, and which were scheduled for removal prior to the 1.0 release, are no longer present in Django. These include imports of the form library from `django.newforms` (now located simply at `django.forms`), the `form_for_model` and `form_for_instance` helper functions (which have been replaced by `ModelForm`) and a number of deprecated features which were replaced by the dispatcher, file-uploading and file-storage refactorings introduced in the Django 1.0 alpha releases.

## Known issues

We've done our best to make Django 1.0 as solid as possible, but unfortunately there are a couple of issues that we know about in the release.

### Multi-table model inheritance with `to_field`

If you're using multiple table model inheritance, be aware of this caveat: child models using a custom `parent_link` and `to_field` will cause database integrity errors. A set of models like the following are not valid:

    class Parent(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField(max_length=10)
        other_value = models.IntegerField(unique=True)

    class Child(Parent):
        father = models.OneToOneField(Parent, primary_key=True, to_field="other_value", parent_link=True)
        value = models.IntegerField()

This bug will be fixed in the next release of Django.

### Caveats with support of certain databases

Django attempts to support as many features as possible on all database backends. However, not all database backends are alike, and in particular many of the supported database differ greatly from version to version. It's a good idea to checkout our notes on supported database:

- MySQL notes
- SQLite notes
- Oracle notes