# Django 2.2.9.dev20191202104323 文档

# Generic display views

The two following generic class-based views are designed to display data. On many projects they are typically the most commonly used views.

## `DetailView`

class `django.views.generic.detail.``DetailView`

  While this view is executing, `self.object` will contain the object that the view is operating upon.

  Ancestors (MRO)

  This view inherits methods and attributes from the following views:

  - `django.views.generic.detail.SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin`
  - `django.views.generic.base.TemplateResponseMixin`
  - `django.views.generic.detail.BaseDetailView`
  - `django.views.generic.detail.SingleObjectMixin`
  - `django.views.generic.base.View`

  Method Flowchart

  1. `setup()`
  2. `dispatch()`
  3. `http_method_not_allowed()`
  4. `get_template_names()`
  5. `get_slug_field()`
  6. `get_queryset()`
  7. `get_object()`
  8. `get_context_object_name()`
  9. `get_context_data()`
  10. `get()`
  11. `render_to_response()`

  Example myapp/views.py:

      from django.utils import timezone
      from django.views.generic.detail import DetailView

      from articles.models import Article

      class ArticleDetailView(DetailView):

          model = Article

          def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
              context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
              context['now'] = timezone.now()
              return context

  Example myapp/urls.py:

      from django.urls import path

      from article.views import ArticleDetailView

      urlpatterns = [
          path('<slug:slug>/', ArticleDetailView.as_view(), name='article-detail'),
      ]

  Example myapp/article_detail.html:

      <h1>{{ object.headline }}</h1>
      <p>{{ object.content }}</p>
      <p>Reporter: {{ object.reporter }}</p>
      <p>Published: {{ object.pub_date|date }}</p>
      <p>Date: {{ now|date }}</p>

## `ListView`

class `django.views.generic.list.``ListView`

  A page representing a list of objects.

  While this view is executing, `self.object_list` will contain the list of objects (usually, but not necessarily a queryset) that the view is operating upon.

  Ancestors (MRO)

  This view inherits methods and attributes from the following views:

  - `django.views.generic.list.MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin`
  - `django.views.generic.base.TemplateResponseMixin`
  - `django.views.generic.list.BaseListView`
  - `django.views.generic.list.MultipleObjectMixin`
  - `django.views.generic.base.View`

  Method Flowchart

  1. `setup()`
  2. `dispatch()`
  3. `http_method_not_allowed()`
  4. `get_template_names()`
  5. `get_queryset()`
  6. `get_context_object_name()`
  7. `get_context_data()`
  8. `get()`
  9. `render_to_response()`

  示例 views.py:

      from django.utils import timezone
      from django.views.generic.list import ListView

      from articles.models import Article

      class ArticleListView(ListView):

          model = Article
          paginate_by = 100  # if pagination is desired

          def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
              context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
              context['now'] = timezone.now()
              return context

  Example myapp/urls.py:

      from django.urls import path

      from article.views import ArticleListView

      urlpatterns = [
          path('', ArticleListView.as_view(), name='article-list'),
      ]

  Example myapp/article_list.html:

      <h1>Articles</h1>
      <ul>
      {% for article in object_list %}
          <li>{{ article.pub_date|date }} - {{ article.headline }}</li>
      {% empty %}
          <li>No articles yet.</li>
      {% endfor %}
      </ul>

  If you're using pagination, you can adapt the example template from the pagination docs. Change instances of `contacts` in that example template to `page_obj`.

class `django.views.generic.list.``BaseListView`

  A base view for displaying a list of objects. It is not intended to be used directly, but rather as a parent class of the `django.views.generic.list.ListView` or other views representing lists of objects.

  Ancestors (MRO)

  This view inherits methods and attributes from the following views:

  - `django.views.generic.list.MultipleObjectMixin`
  - `django.views.generic.base.View`

  方法

  `get`(request, *args, **kwargs)

    Adds `object_list` to the context. If `allow_empty` is True then display an empty list. If `allow_empty` is False then raise a 404 error.