python / cpython

…H-22610)

The format_exception(), format_exception_only(), and
print_exception() functions can now take an exception object as a positional-only argument.

Co-Authored-By: Matthias Bussonnier <bussonniermatthias@gmail.com>

The PyConfig_Read() function now only parses PyConfig.argv arguments
once: PyConfig.parse_argv is set to 2 after arguments are parsed.
Since Python arguments are strippped from PyConfig.argv, parsing
arguments twice would parse the application options as Python
options.

* Rework the PyConfig documentation.
* Fix _testinternalcapi.set_config() error handling.
* SetConfigTests no longer needs parse_argv=0 when restoring the old
  configuration.

* Rename config_as_dict() to _PyConfig_AsDict().
* Add 'module_search_paths_set' to _PyConfig_AsDict().
* Add _PyConfig_FromDict().
* Add get_config() and set_config() to _testinternalcapi.
* Add config_check_consistency().

Currently, a Mock object which is not unsafe will raise an
AttributeError if an attribute with the prefix assert or assret is
accessed on it. This protects against misspellings of real assert
method calls, which lead to tests passing silently even if the tested
code does not satisfy the intended assertion.

Recently a check was done in a large code base (Google) and three
more frequent ways of misspelling assert were found causing harm:
asert, aseert, assrt. These are now added to the existing check.

Also added versionchanged.

Added Py_NewRef() and Py_XNewRef() functions to increment the reference
count of an object and return the object.

…23157)

Co-authored-by: Yury Selivanov <yury@edgedb.com>

* Inline _PyInterpreterState_SetConfig(): replace it with
  _PyConfig_Copy().
* Add _PyErr_SetFromPyStatus()
* Add _PyInterpreterState_GetConfigCopy()
* Add a new _PyInterpreterState_SetConfig() function.
* Add an unit which gets, modifies, and sets the config.

Otherwise, when running the testsuite, test_peg_generator tries to compile C
code using the optimized flags and fails because it cannot find the profile
data.

Split PyInit_pyexpat() into sub-functions and fix reference leaks
on error paths.

When Py_Initialize() is called twice, the second call now updates
more sys attributes for the configuration, rather than only sys.argv.

* Rename _PySys_InitMain() to _PySys_UpdateConfig().
* _PySys_UpdateConfig() now modifies sys.flags in-place, instead of
  creating a new flags object.
* Remove old commented sys.flags flags (unbuffered and skip_first).
* Add private _PySys_GetObject() function.
* When Py_Initialize(), Py_InitializeFromConfig() and

Replace PyModule_AddObject() with PyModule_AddObjectRef() in the
_warnings module to fix a reference leak on error.

Use also PyModule_AddObjectRef() in importdl.c.

Replace PyModule_AddObject() with PyModule_AddObjectRef() in the _ast
module (Python-ast.c).

Replace PyModule_AddObject() with PyModule_AddType() in the
_contextvars module (Python-ast.c).

Add also the module name to _contextvars types name.

* Move orig_argv before argv
* Move program_name and platlibdir with other path configuration
  inputs

Give a name to the PyPreConfig and PyConfig structures and separate
the type definitions.

Added PyModule_AddObjectRef() function: similar to
PyModule_AddObjectRef() but don't steal a reference to the value on
success.

On Unix, the os.device_encoding() function now returns 'UTF-8' rather
than the device encoding if the Python UTF-8 Mode is enabled.

This allows to retrieve the functions that were set in these two, which might differ from sys.gettrace and sys.getprofile within a thread.

…p server (GH-23132)

See https://mail.python.org/archives/list/capi-sig@python.org/thread/T3P2QNLNLBRFHWSKYSTPMVEIL2EEKFJU/ for discussion.

https://bugs.python.org/issue42100

Python 3.10.0a2

Call _PyAST_Fini() on all interpreters, not only on the main
interpreter. Also, call it ealier to fix a reference leak.

Python types contain a reference to themselves in in their
PyTypeObject.tp_mro member. _PyAST_Fini() must called before the last
GC collection to destroy AST types.

_PyInterpreterState_Clear() now calls _PyAST_Fini(). It now also
calls _PyWarnings_Fini() on subinterpeters, not only on the main
interpreter.

Add an assertion in AST init_types() to ensure that the _ast module
is no longer used after _PyAST_Fini() has been called.

The logging.FileHandler class now keeps a reference to the builtin
open() function to be able to open or reopen the file during Python
finalization.

Fix errors like:

    Exception ignored in: (...)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      (...)
      File ".../logging/__init__.py", line 1463, in error
      File ".../logging/__init__.py", line 1577, in _log
      File ".../logging/__init__.py", line 1587, in handle
      File ".../logging/__init__.py", line 1649, in callHandlers
      File ".../logging/__init__.py", line 948, in handle
      File ".../logging/__init__.py", line 1182, in emit
      File ".../logging/__init__.py", line 1171, in _open
    NameError: name 'open' is not defined