…h-102661)

It doesn't make sense to use multi-phase init for these modules. Using a per-interpreter "m_copy" (instead of PyModuleDef.m_base.m_copy) makes this work okay. (This came up while working on gh-101660.)

Note that we might instead end up disallowing re-load for sys/builtins since they are so special.

#102660

Add thrashcan macros to the deallocator of the filter objects to protect against deeply nested destruction of chains of nested filters.

…PyLongValue struct. (GH-101292)

)

builtins and extension module functions and methods that expect boolean values for parameters now accept any Python object rather than just a bool or int type. This is more consistent with how native Python code itself behaves.

Replace "Py_DECREF(var); var = NULL;" with "Py_SETREF(var, NULL);".

Fix potential race condition in code patterns:

* Replace "Py_DECREF(var); var = new;" with "Py_SETREF(var, new);"
* Replace "Py_XDECREF(var); var = new;" with "Py_XSETREF(var, new);"
* Replace "Py_CLEAR(var); var = new;" with "Py_XSETREF(var, new);"

Other changes:

* Replace "old = var; var = new; Py_DECREF(var)"
  with "Py_SETREF(var, new);"
* Replace "old = var; var = new; Py_XDECREF(var)"
  with "Py_XSETREF(var, new);"
* And remove the "old" variable.

Replace Py_INCREF() and Py_XINCREF() using a cast with Py_NewRef()
and Py_XNewRef().

Replace Py_INCREF() and Py_XINCREF() with Py_NewRef() and
Py_XNewRef() in C files of the Python/ directory.

Update Parser/asdl_c.py to regenerate Python/Python-ast.c.

…rame` (GH-93284)

Add a closure keyword-only parameter to exec(). It can only be specified when exec-ing a code object that uses free variables. When specified, it must be a tuple, with exactly the number of cell variables referenced by the code object. closure has a default value of None, and it must be None if the code object doesn't refer to any free variables.

…0872)

Use the macro in C files of the Python/ directory.

…alized global objects. (gh-30928)

We're no longer using _Py_IDENTIFIER() (or _Py_static_string()) in any core CPython code.  It is still used in a number of non-builtin stdlib modules.

The replacement is: PyUnicodeObject (not pointer) fields under _PyRuntimeState, statically initialized as part of _PyRuntime.  A new _Py_GET_GLOBAL_IDENTIFIER() macro facilitates lookup of the fields (along with _Py_GET_GLOBAL_STRING() for non-identifier strings).

https://bugs.python.org/issue46541#msg411799 explains the rationale for this change.

The core of the change is in:

* (new) Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h - the declarations for the global strings, along with the macros
* Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h - added the static initializers for the global strings
* Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h - where the struct in pycore_global_strings.h is hooked into _PyRuntimeState
* Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py - added generation of the global string declarations and static initializers

I've also added a --check flag to generate_global_objects.py (along with make check-global-objects) to check for unused global strings.  That check is added to the PR CI config.

The remainder of this change updates the core code to use _Py_GET_GLOBAL_IDENTIFIER() instead of _Py_IDENTIFIER() and the related _Py*Id functions (likewise for _Py_GET_GLOBAL_STRING() instead of _Py_static_string()).  This includes adding a few functions where there wasn't already an alternative to _Py*Id(), replacing the _Py_Identifier * parameter with PyObject *.

The following are not changed (yet):

* stop using _Py_IDENTIFIER() in the stdlib modules
* (maybe) get rid of _Py_IDENTIFIER(), etc. entirely -- this may not be doable as at least one package on PyPI using this (private) API
* (maybe) intern the strings during runtime init

https://bugs.python.org/issue46541

* Move PyContext static types into object.c static_types list.
* Rename PyContextTokenMissing_Type to _PyContextTokenMissing_Type
  and declare it in pycore_context.h.
* _PyHamtItems types are no long exported: replace PyAPI_DATA() with
  extern.

…5863)

Use common error message for non-string attribute name in the builtin
functions getattr and hasattr.
The special check no longer needed since Python 3.0.

…nctions to be specialized (GH-29595)

* Make internal APIs that take PyFrameConstructor take a PyFunctionObject instead.

* Add reference to function to frame, borrow references to builtins and globals.

* Add COPY_FREE_VARS instruction to allow specialization of calls to inner functions.

Redefining the PyThreadState_GET() macro in pycore_pystate.h is
useless since it doesn't affect files not including it. Either use
_PyThreadState_GET() directly, or don't use pycore_pystate.h internal
C API. For example, the _testcapi extension don't use the internal C
API, but use the public PyThreadState_Get() function instead.

Replace PyThreadState_Get() with _PyThreadState_GET(). The
_PyThreadState_GET() macro is more efficient than PyThreadState_Get()
and PyThreadState_GET() function calls which call fail with a fatal
Python error.

posixmodule.c and _ctypes extension now include <windows.h> before
pycore header files (like pycore_call.h).

_PyTraceback_Add() now uses _PyErr_Fetch()/_PyErr_Restore() instead
of PyErr_Fetch()/PyErr_Restore().

The _decimal and _xxsubinterpreters extensions are now built with the
Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE macro defined to get access to the internal C
API.

* Move _PyObject_CallNoArgs() to pycore_call.h (internal C API).
* _ssl, _sqlite and _testcapi extensions now call the public
  PyObject_CallNoArgs() function, rather than _PyObject_CallNoArgs().
* _lsprof extension is now built with Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE macro
  defined to get access to internal _PyObject_CallNoArgs().

…-28891)

Fix typo in the private _PyObject_CallNoArg() function name: rename
it to _PyObject_CallNoArgs() to be consistent with the public
function PyObject_CallNoArgs().

…um() (GH-28469)

…n classes (GH-26456)

* Constructors of subclasses of some buitin classes (e.g. tuple, list,
  frozenset) no longer accept arbitrary keyword arguments.
* Subclass of set can now define a __new__() method with additional
  keyword parameters without overriding also __init__().

Fix PyAiter_Check to only check for the `__anext__` presense (not for
`__aiter__`). Rename `PyAiter_Check()` to `PyAIter_Check()`,
`PyObject_GetAiter()` -> `PyObject_GetAIter()`.

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo Salgado <Pablogsal@gmail.com>

…nd __build_class__ (GH-27647)

Implement support for `*args` in AC, and port `print()` to use it.

…#25551)

Co-authored-by: Dennis Sweeney <36520290+sweeneyde@users.noreply.github.com>